CRITICISM
Part 3
There are mountains and valleys, waterfalls and lakes, dense trees and flowers in the landscapes he creates. How colorful and fertile it is! It resembles hakoniwa, which refers to a Japanese miniature garden or an amateur gardening pastime that became popular among common people in the mid-Edo period. It eventually evolved into the creation of elaborate and detailed representations of landscapes called bonkei, meaning “potted landscape” in Japanese. These miniature landscapes are designed to represent the world itself within a small flowerpot. The four seasons play an important role more broadly in Japanese culture as they do in the making of bonkei. Concepts associated with descriptions of seasonal changes, such as “the spring fields seem like fresh verdure sprouting” or “the dried-up winter waterfall looks surrealists took the forlorn,” determine the sentiments to be experienced while creating potted landscapes.